Search Results (369 substrates found)
Gene name
Organism
Protein name
Acacb
Rat
Protein Acacb
- Organism
- Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
- Uniprot ID
-
E9PSQ0_RAT
- Accession #
- E9PSQ0
- Protein names
-
- Protein Acacb
- Gene names
-
- Acacb
- Description
-
N/A
- Links
-
Search Kinases of Acacb (Rat)
N/A

Add1
Rat
Alpha-adducin
- Organism
- Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
- Uniprot ID
-
ADDA_RAT
- Accession #
-
Q63028
- Protein names
-
- Alpha-adducin
- Erythrocyte adducin subunit alpha
- Gene names
-
- Add1
- Description
-
Membrane-cytoskeleton-associated protein that promotes the assembly of the spectrin-actin network. Binds to calmodulin.
- Links
-
Search Kinases of Add1 (Rat)
N/A
- F-actin capping protein complex
- T cell receptor binding
- actin filament bundle assembly
- barbed-end actin filament capping
- cell morphogenesis
- cell volume homeostasis
- cellular response to retinoic acid
- cytoskeleton organization
- dendrite
- dendritic spine
- erythrocyte differentiation
- hemoglobin metabolic process
- homeostasis of number of cells within a tissue
- in utero embryonic development
- ion transport
- multicellular organism growth
- negative regulation of actin filament polymerization
- nucleus
- perinuclear region of cytoplasm
- plasma membrane
- positive regulation of angiogenesis
- positive regulation of endocytosis
- positive regulation of protein binding
- postsynaptic density
- protein binding
- structural molecule activity
- synapse

Add2
Rat
Beta-adducin
- Organism
- Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
- Uniprot ID
-
F8WFS9_RAT
- Accession #
- F8WFS9
- Protein names
-
- Beta-adducin
- Gene names
-
- Add2
- Description
-
N/A
- Links
-
Search Kinases of Add2 (Rat)
N/A

Add2
Rat
Beta-adducin
- Organism
- Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
- Uniprot ID
-
ADDB_RAT
- Accession #
-
Q05764
- Protein names
-
- Beta-adducin
- Adducin-63
- Erythrocyte adducin subunit beta
- Gene names
-
- Add2
- Description
-
Membrane-cytoskeleton-associated protein that promotes the assembly of the spectrin-actin network. Binds to the erythrocyte membrane receptor SLC2A1/GLUT1 and may therefore provide a link between the spectrin cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane. Binds to calmodulin. Calmodulin binds preferentially to the beta subunit (By similarity).
- Links
-
Search Kinases of Add2 (Rat)
N/A

ADD2
Human
Beta-adducin
- Organism
- Human (Homo sapiens)
- Uniprot ID
-
ADDB_HUMAN
- Accession #
-
P35612
- Protein names
-
- Beta-adducin
- Erythrocyte adducin subunit beta
- Gene names
-
- ADD2
- ADDB
- Description
-
Membrane-cytoskeleton-associated protein that promotes the assembly of the spectrin-actin network. Binds to the erythrocyte membrane receptor SLC2A1/GLUT1 and may therefore provide a link between the spectrin cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane. Binds to calmodulin. Calmodulin binds preferentially to the beta subunit.
- Links
-
Search Kinases of ADD2 (Human)
N/A
- F-actin capping protein complex
- actin binding
- actin cytoskeleton organization
- actin filament binding
- actin filament bundle assembly
- barbed-end actin filament capping
- cytoplasmic membrane-bounded vesicle
- hemopoiesis
- plasma membrane
- positive regulation of protein binding
- protein complex assembly
- protein heterodimerization activity
- protein homodimerization activity
- spectrin binding
- structural molecule activity

Agap2
Rat
Arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2
- Organism
- Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
- Uniprot ID
-
AGAP2_RAT
- Accession #
-
Q8CGU4
- Protein names
-
- Arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2
- AGAP-2
- Centaurin-gamma-1
- Cnt-g1
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase enhancer
- PIKE
- Gene names
-
- Agap2
- Centg1
- Description
-
GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for ARF1 and ARF5, which also shows strong GTPase activity. Participates in the prevention of neuronal apoptosis by enhancing PI3 kinase activity. Aids the coupling of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (GRM1) to cytoplasmic PI3 kinase by interacting with Homer scaffolding proteins, and also seems to mediate anti-apoptotic effects of NGF by activating nuclear PI3 kinase.
- Links
-
Search Kinases of Agap2 (Rat)
- ARF GTPase activator activity
- GTP binding
- cytosol
- mammary gland alveolus development
- mitochondrion
- negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand
- negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process
- nucleolus
- nucleus
- positive regulation of JAK-STAT cascade
- positive regulation of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation
- positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling
- positive regulation of protein kinase activity
- positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
- protein binding
- protein kinase activator activity
- protein kinase binding
- regulation of ARF GTPase activity
- small GTPase mediated signal transduction
- zinc ion binding

Ahi1
Rat
Jouberin
- Organism
- Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
- Uniprot ID
-
F1M9F9_RAT
- Accession #
- F1M9F9
- Protein names
-
- Jouberin
- Gene names
-
- Ahi1
- Description
-
N/A
- Links
-
Search Kinases of Ahi1 (Rat)
N/A

Ahsg
Rat
Alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein
- Organism
- Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
- Uniprot ID
-
FETUA_RAT
- Accession #
-
P24090
- Protein names
-
- Alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein
- 59 kDa bone sialic acid-containing protein
- BSP
- Fetuin-A
- Glycoprotein PP63
- Gene names
-
- Ahsg
- Fetua
- Description
-
Could inhibit both insulin-receptor tyrosine kinase activity and insulin-stimulated receptor autophosphorylation and, concomitantly, antagonize the mitogenic effect of the hormone in cultured rat hepatoma cells.
- Links
-
Search Kinases of Ahsg (Rat)
N/A
- acute-phase response
- cellular response to insulin stimulus
- cerebral cortex development
- cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity
- extracellular matrix
- extracellular space
- kinase inhibitor activity
- male gonad development
- negative regulation of bone mineralization
- negative regulation of cell growth
- negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway
- negative regulation of phosphorylation
- negative regulation of protein tyrosine kinase activity
- organ regeneration
- positive regulation of bone resorption
- positive regulation of phagocytosis
- protein complex
- protein complex assembly
- receptor signaling protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor activity
- regulation of inflammatory response

Amph
Rat
Amphiphysin
- Organism
- Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
- Uniprot ID
-
AMPH_RAT
- Accession #
-
O08838
- Protein names
-
- Amphiphysin
- Gene names
-
- Amph
- Amph1
- Description
-
May participate in mechanisms of regulated exocytosis in synapses and certain endocrine cell types. May control the properties of the membrane associated cytoskeleton (By similarity).
- Links
-
Search Kinases of Amph (Rat)

Ankrd34a
Rat
Ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 34A
- Organism
- Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
- Uniprot ID
-
AN34A_RAT
- Accession #
-
Q5BJT1
- Protein names
-
- Ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 34A
- Gene names
-
- Ankrd34a
- Description
-
N/A
- Links
-
Search Kinases of Ankrd34a (Rat)
N/A

Ankrd63
Rat
Protein Ankrd63
- Organism
- Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
- Uniprot ID
-
D3ZKY6_RAT
- Accession #
- D3ZKY6
- Protein names
-
- Protein Ankrd63
- Gene names
-
- Ankrd63
- Description
-
N/A
- Links
-
Search Kinases of Ankrd63 (Rat)
N/A
N/A

Ap2m1
Rat
AP-2 complex subunit mu
- Organism
- Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
- Uniprot ID
-
AP2M1_RAT
- Accession #
- P84092
- Protein names
-
- AP-2 complex subunit mu
- AP-2 mu chain
- Adaptor protein complex AP-2 subunit mu
- Adaptor-related protein complex 2 subunit mu
- Clathrin assembly protein complex 2 mu medium chain
- Clathrin coat assembly protein AP50
- Clathrin coat-associated protein AP50
- Mu2-adaptin
- Plasma membrane adaptor AP-2 50 kDa protein
- Gene names
-
- Ap2m1
- Description
-
Component of the adaptor protein complex 2 (AP-2). Adaptor protein complexes function in protein transport via transport vesicles in different membrane traffic pathways. Adaptor protein complexes are vesicle coat components and appear to be involved in cargo selection and vesicle formation. AP-2 is involved in clathrin-dependent endocytosis in which cargo proteins are incorporated into vesicles surrounded by clathrin (clathrin-coated vesicles, CCVs) which are destined for fusion with the early endosome. The clathrin lattice serves as a mechanical scaffold but is itself unable to bind directly to membrane components. Clathrin-associated adaptor protein (AP) complexes which can bind directly to both the clathrin lattice and to the lipid and protein components of membranes are considered to be the major clathrin adaptors contributing the CCV formation. AP-2 also serves as a cargo receptor to selectively sort the membrane proteins involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis. AP-2 seems to play a role in the recycling of synaptic vesicle membranes from the presynaptic surface. AP-2 recognizes Y-X-X-[FILMV] (Y-X-X-Phi) and [ED]-X-X-X-L-[LI] endocytosis signal motifs within the cytosolic tails of transmembrane cargo molecules. AP-2 may also play a role in maintaining normal post-endocytic trafficking through the ARF6-regulated, non-clathrin pathway. The AP-2 mu subunit binds to transmembrane cargo proteins; it recognizes the Y-X-X-Phi motifs. The surface region interacting with to the Y-X-X-Phi motif is inaccessible in cytosolic AP-2, but becomes accessible through a conformational change following phosphorylation of AP-2 mu subunit at 'Tyr-156' in membrane-associated AP-2. The membrane-specific phosphorylation event appears to involve assembled clathrin which activates the AP-2 mu kinase AAK1 (By similarity). Plays a role in endocytosis of frizzled family members upon Wnt signaling.
- Links
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Search Kinases of Ap2m1 (Rat)

Ap3d1
Rat
AP-3 complex subunit delta
- Organism
- Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
- Uniprot ID
-
B5DFK6_RAT
- Accession #
- B5DFK6
- Protein names
-
- AP-3 complex subunit delta
- Gene names
-
- Ap3d1
- rCG_29405
- Description
-
Part of the AP-3 complex, an adaptor-related complex which is not clathrin-associated. The complex is associated with the Golgi region as well as more peripheral structures. It facilitates the budding of vesicles from the Golgi membrane (By similarity).
- Links
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Search Kinases of Ap3d1 (Rat)
- Golgi apparatus
- anterograde axon cargo transport
- anterograde synaptic vesicle transport
- antigen processing and presentation, exogenous lipid antigen via MHC class Ib
- endosome membrane
- intracellular protein transport
- lysosomal membrane
- membrane coat
- positive regulation of NK T cell differentiation
- protein localization to organelle
- protein transporter activity
- regulation of sequestering of zinc ion
- synaptic vesicle membrane organization
- terminal bouton

APC
Human
Adenomatous polyposis coli protein
- Organism
- Human (Homo sapiens)
- Uniprot ID
-
APC_HUMAN
- Accession #
-
P25054
- Protein names
-
- Adenomatous polyposis coli protein
- Protein APC
- Deleted in polyposis 2.5
- Gene names
-
- APC
- DP2.5
- Description
-
Tumor suppressor. Promotes rapid degradation of CTNNB1 and participates in Wnt signaling as a negative regulator. APC activity is correlated with its phosphorylation state. Activates the GEF activity of SPATA13 and ARHGEF4. Plays a role in hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-induced cell migration. Required for MMP9 up-regulation via the JNK signaling pathway in colorectal tumor cells. Acts as a mediator of ERBB2-dependent stabilization of microtubules at the cell cortex. It is required for the localization of MACF1 to the cell membrane and this localization of MACF1 is critical for its function in microtubule stabilization.
- Links
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Search Kinases of APC (Human)
- T cell differentiation in thymus
- adherens junction
- anterior/posterior pattern specification
- apoptotic process
- axis specification
- axonal growth cone
- axonogenesis
- beta-catenin binding
- beta-catenin destruction complex
- canonical Wnt signaling pathway
- canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in negative regulation of apoptotic process
- canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of apoptotic process
- cell adhesion
- cell cycle arrest
- cell migration
- cellular component disassembly involved in execution phase of apoptosis
- cellular response to DNA damage stimulus
- centrosome
- chromosome organization
- cytoplasm
- cytoplasmic microtubule
- cytoplasmic microtubule organization
- cytosol
- dorsal/ventral pattern formation
- gamma-catenin binding
- hair follicle development
- kidney development
- kinetochore
- lamellipodium
- lateral plasma membrane
- metaphase/anaphase transition of mitotic cell cycle
- microtubule binding
- microtubule plus-end
- microtubule plus-end binding
- mitotic cytokinesis
- mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint
- muscle cell cellular homeostasis
- negative regulation of MAPK cascade
- negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway
- negative regulation of cell proliferation
- negative regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity
- negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in prostate gland development
- negative regulation of microtubule depolymerization
- negative regulation of odontogenesis
- nucleus
- plasma membrane
- positive regulation of apoptotic process
- positive regulation of cell adhesion
- positive regulation of cell division
- positive regulation of cell migration
- positive regulation of epithelial cell differentiation
- positive regulation of microtubule polymerization
- positive regulation of protein catabolic process
- positive regulation of pseudopodium assembly
- protein binding
- protein complex assembly
- protein kinase binding
- protein kinase regulator activity
- proximal/distal pattern formation
- regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore
- regulation of microtubule-based process
- regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process
- regulation of osteoblast differentiation
- regulation of osteoclast differentiation
- retina development in camera-type eye
- ruffle membrane
- somatic stem cell maintenance
- thymus development
- tight junction
- tight junction assembly

App
Rat
Amyloid beta A4 protein
- Organism
- Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
- Uniprot ID
-
A4_RAT
- Accession #
-
P08592
- Protein names
-
- Amyloid beta A4 protein
- ABPP
- APP
- Alzheimer disease amyloid A4 protein homolog
- Amyloidogenic glycoprotein
- AG [Cleaved into: N-APP
- Soluble APP-alpha
- S-APP-alpha
- Soluble APP-beta
- S-APP-beta
- C99
- Beta-amyloid protein 42
- Beta-APP42
- Beta-amyloid protein 40
- Beta-APP40
- C83
- P3
- 42
- Gene names
-
- App
- Description
-
Functions as a cell surface receptor and performs physiological functions on the surface of neurons relevant to neurite growth, neuronal adhesion and axonogenesis. Involved in cell mobility and transcription regulation through protein-protein interactions (By similarity). Can promote transcription activation through binding to APBB1-KAT5 and inhibit Notch signaling through interaction with Numb (By similarity). Couples to apoptosis-inducing pathways such as those mediated by G(O) and JIP. Inhibits G(o) alpha ATPase activity. Acts as a kinesin I membrane receptor, mediating the axonal transport of beta-secretase and presenilin 1 (By similarity). May be involved in copper homeostasis/oxidative stress through copper ion reduction. Can regulate neurite outgrowth through binding to components of the extracellular matrix such as heparin and collagen I and IV (By similarity). The splice isoforms that contain the BPTI domain possess protease inhibitor activity. Induces a AGER-dependent pathway that involves activation of p38 MAPK, resulting in internalization of amyloid-beta peptide and leading to mitochondrial dysfunction in cultured mitochondrial dysfunction in cultured cortical neurons. Provides Cu(2+) ions for GPC1 which are required for release of nitric oxide (NO) and subsequent degradation of the heparan sulfate chains on GPC1 (By similarity).Beta-amyloid peptides are lipophilic metal chelators with metal-reducing activity. Binds transient metals such as copper, zinc and iron. Rat and mouse beta-amyloid peptides bind only weakly transient metals and have little reducing activity due to substitutions of transient metal chelating residues. Beta-APP42 may activate mononuclear phagocytes in the brain and elicits inflammatory responses. Promotes both tau aggregation and TPK II-mediated phosphorylation. Also bind GPC1 in lipid rafts (By similarity).Appicans elicit adhesion of neural cells to the extracellular matrix and may regulate neurite outgrowth in the brain.The gamma-CTF peptides as well as the caspase-cleaved peptides, including C31, are potent enhancers of neuronal apoptosis (By similarity).N-APP binds TNFRSF21 triggering caspase activation and degeneration of both neuronal cell bodies (via caspase-3) and axons (via caspase-6) (By similarity).
- Links
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Search Kinases of App (Rat)
- DNA binding
- Golgi apparatus
- Notch signaling pathway
- adult locomotory behavior
- apical part of cell
- axon
- axon cargo transport
- axon midline choice point recognition
- axonogenesis
- cell adhesion
- cell surface
- cellular copper ion homeostasis
- cholesterol metabolic process
- ciliary rootlet
- coated pit
- collateral sprouting in absence of injury
- cytoplasm
- cytoplasmic vesicle
- dendrite development
- dendritic shaft
- dendritic spine
- endocytosis
- extracellular matrix organization
- forebrain development
- growth factor receptor binding
- heparin binding
- integral component of membrane
- ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway
- locomotory behavior
- mRNA polyadenylation
- mating behavior
- mitotic G2 phase
- negative regulation of neuron differentiation
- neuromuscular junction
- neuromuscular process controlling balance
- neuron apoptotic process
- neuron projection
- neuron projection development
- neuron remodeling
- peptidase activator activity
- perinuclear region of cytoplasm
- plasma membrane
- positive regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle
- positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle
- positive regulation of peptidase activity
- positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
- protein binding
- protein phosphorylation
- regulation of epidermal growth factor-activated receptor activity
- regulation of multicellular organism growth
- regulation of protein binding
- regulation of synapse structure and activity
- regulation of translation
- response to oxidative stress
- serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity
- smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion homeostasis
- spindle midzone
- suckling behavior
- synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction
- transition metal ion binding
- visual learning

Arhgef2
Rat
Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2
- Organism
- Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
- Uniprot ID
-
ARHG2_RAT
- Accession #
-
Q5FVC2
- Protein names
-
- Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2
- Guanine nucleotide exchange factor H1
- GEF-H1
- Gene names
-
- Arhgef2
- Description
-
Activates Rho-GTPases by promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP. May be involved in epithelial barrier permeability, cell motility and polarization, dendritic spine morphology, antigen presentation, leukemic cell differentiation, cell cycle regulation, innate immune response, and cancer. Binds Rac-GTPases, but does not seem to promote nucleotide exchange activity toward Rac-GTPases. May stimulate instead the cortical activity of Rac. Inactive toward CDC42, TC10, or Ras-GTPases. Forms an intracellular sensing system along with NOD1 for the detection of microbial effectors during cell invasion by pathogens. Involved in innate immune signaling transduction pathway promoting cytokine IL6/interleukin-6 and TNF-alpha secretion in macrophage upon stimulation by bacterial peptidoglycans; acts as a signaling intermediate between NOD2 receptor and RIPK2 kinase. Contributes to the tyrosine phosphorylation of RIPK2 through Src tyrosine kinase leading to NF-kappaB activation by NOD2 (By similarity).
- Links
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Search Kinases of Arhgef2 (Rat)
N/A
- Golgi apparatus
- Rac GTPase binding
- Rac guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
- Rho GTPase binding
- Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
- actin filament organization
- cell morphogenesis
- cellular response to muramyl dipeptide
- cytoplasm
- cytoplasmic membrane-bounded vesicle
- cytoskeleton
- dendritic shaft
- establishment of mitotic spindle orientation
- innate immune response
- intracellular signal transduction
- metal ion binding
- microtubule
- microtubule binding
- mitotic nuclear division
- negative regulation of microtubule depolymerization
- negative regulation of neurogenesis
- neuronal cell body
- positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity
- positive regulation of interleukin-6 production
- positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation
- positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
- positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production
- protein complex
- regulation of Rac GTPase activity
- regulation of Rho GTPase activity
- ruffle membrane
- spindle
- tight junction
- vesicle

Arhgef7
Rat
PAK-interacting exchange factor
- Organism
- Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
- Uniprot ID
-
Q52NK0_RAT
- Accession #
- Q52NK0
- Protein names
-
- PAK-interacting exchange factor
- Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 7
- Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 7, isoform CRA_c
- Gene names
-
- Arhgef7
- rCG_43127
- Description
-
N/A
- Links
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Search Kinases of Arhgef7 (Rat)

ARNTL
Human
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1
- Organism
- Human (Homo sapiens)
- Uniprot ID
-
BMAL1_HUMAN
- Accession #
-
O00327
- Protein names
-
- Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1
- Basic-helix-loop-helix-PAS protein MOP3
- Brain and muscle ARNT-like 1
- Class E basic helix-loop-helix protein 5
- bHLHe5
- Member of PAS protein 3
- PAS domain-containing protein 3
- bHLH-PAS protein JAP3
- Gene names
-
- ARNTL
- BHLHE5
- BMAL1
- MOP3
- PASD3
- Description
-
Transcriptional activator which forms a core component of the circadian clock. The circadian clock, an internal time-keeping system, regulates various physiological processes through the generation of approximately 24 hour circadian rhythms in gene expression, which are translated into rhythms in metabolism and behavior. It is derived from the Latin roots 'circa' (about) and 'diem' (day) and acts as an important regulator of a wide array of physiological functions including metabolism, sleep, body temperature, blood pressure, endocrine, immune, cardiovascular, and renal function. Consists of two major components: the central clock, residing in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the brain, and the peripheral clocks that are present in nearly every tissue and organ system. Both the central and peripheral clocks can be reset by environmental cues, also known as Zeitgebers (German for 'timegivers'). The predominant Zeitgeber for the central clock is light, which is sensed by retina and signals directly to the SCN. The central clock entrains the peripheral clocks through neuronal and hormonal signals, body temperature and feeding-related cues, aligning all clocks with the external light/dark cycle. Circadian rhythms allow an organism to achieve temporal homeostasis with its environment at the molecular level by regulating gene expression to create a peak of protein expression once every 24 hours to control when a particular physiological process is most active with respect to the solar day. Transcription and translation of core clock components (CLOCK, NPAS2, ARNTL/BMAL1, ARNTL2/BMAL2, PER1, PER2, PER3, CRY1 and CRY2) plays a critical role in rhythm generation, whereas delays imposed by post-translational modifications (PTMs) are important for determining the period (tau) of the rhythms (tau refers to the period of a rhythm and is the length, in time, of one complete cycle). A diurnal rhythm is synchronized with the day/night cycle, while the ultradian and infradian rhythms have a period shorter and longer than 24 hours, respectively. Disruptions in the circadian rhythms contribute to the pathology of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, metabolic syndromes and aging. A transcription/translation feedback loop (TTFL) forms the core of the molecular circadian clock mechanism. Transcription factors, CLOCK or NPAS2 and ARNTL/BMAL1 or ARNTL2/BMAL2, form the positive limb of the feedback loop, act in the form of a heterodimer and activate the transcription of core clock genes and clock-controlled genes (involved in key metabolic processes), harboring E-box elements (5'-CACGTG-3') within their promoters. The core clock genes: PER1/2/3 and CRY1/2 which are transcriptional repressors form the negative limb of the feedback loop and interact with the CLOCK|NPAS2-ARNTL/BMAL1|ARNTL2/BMAL2 heterodimer inhibiting its activity and thereby negatively regulating their own expression. This heterodimer also activates nuclear receptors NR1D1, NR1D2, RORA, RORB and RORG, which form a second feedback loop and which activate and repress ARNTL/BMAL1 transcription, respectively. ARNTL/BMAL1 positively regulates myogenesis and negatively regulates adipogenesis via the transcriptional control of the genes of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Plays a role in normal pancreatic beta-cell function; regulates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion via the regulation of antioxidant genes NFE2L2/NRF2 and its targets SESN2, PRDX3, CCLC and CCLM. Negatively regulates the mTORC1 signaling pathway; regulates the expression of MTOR and DEPTOR. Controls diurnal oscillations of Ly6C inflammatory monocytes; rhythmic recruitment of the PRC2 complex imparts diurnal variation to chemokine expression that is necessary to sustain Ly6C monocyte rhythms. Regulates the expression of HSD3B2, STAR, PTGS2, CYP11A1, CYP19A1 and LHCGR in the ovary and also the genes involved in hair growth. Plays an important role in adult hippocampal neurogenesis by regulating the timely entry of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) into the cell cycle and the number of cell divisions that take place prior to cell-cycle exit. Regulates the circadian expression of CIART. The CLOCK-ARNTL/BMAL1 heterodimer regulates the circadian expression of SERPINE1/PAI1, VWF, B3, CCRN4L/NOC, NAMPT, DBP, MYOD1, PPARGC1A, PPARGC1B, SIRT1, GYS2, F7, NGFR, GNRHR, BHLHE40/DEC1 and also genes implicated in glucose and lipid metabolism. Represses glucocorticoid receptor NR3C1/GR-induced transcriptional activity by reducing the association of NR3C1/GR to glucocorticoid response elements (GREs) via the acetylation of multiple lysine residues located in its hinge region. Promotes rhythmic chromatin opening, regulating the DNA accessibility of other transcription factors. The NPAS2-ARNTL/BMAL1 heterodimer positively regulates the expression of MAOA, F7 and LDHA and modulates the circadian rhythm of daytime contrast sensitivity by regulating the rhythmic expression of adenylate cyclase type 1 (ADCY1) in the retina.
- Links
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Search Kinases of ARNTL (Human)
- DNA binding
- E-box binding
- Hsp90 protein binding
- PML body
- RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
- RNA polymerase II transcription factor binding transcription factor activity involved in positive regulation of transcription
- aryl hydrocarbon receptor binding
- chromatoid body
- circadian regulation of gene expression
- circadian rhythm
- core promoter binding
- negative regulation of TOR signaling
- negative regulation of fat cell differentiation
- negative regulation of glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway
- negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
- nucleus
- oxidative stress-induced premature senescence
- positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway
- positive regulation of circadian rhythm
- positive regulation of skeletal muscle cell differentiation
- positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
- positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
- proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
- protein binding
- protein import into nucleus, translocation
- regulation of cell cycle
- regulation of cellular senescence
- regulation of hair cycle
- regulation of insulin secretion
- regulation of neurogenesis
- regulation of protein catabolic process
- regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
- regulation of type B pancreatic cell development
- response to redox state
- sequence-specific DNA binding
- signal transducer activity
- spermatogenesis
- transcription factor complex
- transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
- transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding

Atp5a1
Rat
ATP synthase subunit alpha
- Organism
- Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
- Uniprot ID
-
F1LP05_RAT
- Accession #
- F1LP05
- Protein names
-
- ATP synthase subunit alpha
- Gene names
-
- Atp5a1
- Description
-
Produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane (By similarity).
- Links
-
Search Kinases of Atp5a1 (Rat)
N/A
- ATP binding
- ATP hydrolysis coupled proton transport
- ATP synthesis coupled proton transport
- embryo development
- lipid metabolic process
- mitochondrial inner membrane
- proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism
- proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, catalytic core F(1)
- proton-transporting ATPase activity, rotational mechanism

Atp5b
Rat
ATP synthase subunit beta
- Organism
- Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
- Uniprot ID
-
G3V6D3_RAT
- Accession #
- G3V6D3
- Protein names
-
- ATP synthase subunit beta
- EC 3.6.3.14
- Gene names
-
- Atp5b
- rCG_42467
- Description
-
Produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane (By similarity).
- Links
-
Search Kinases of Atp5b (Rat)
N/A
- ATP binding
- ATP hydrolysis coupled proton transport
- ATP synthesis coupled proton transport
- angiogenesis
- cell surface
- lipid metabolic process
- mitochondrial nucleoid
- mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase complex
- negative regulation of cell adhesion involved in substrate-bound cell migration
- plasma membrane
- proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism
- proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, catalytic core F(1)
- proton-transporting ATPase activity, rotational mechanism
- regulation of intracellular pH
